Firstly, ns-2 has both one-way and two-way implementations of TCP to be employed. The two-way TCP only implements the Reno congestion avoidance algorithm, but on the other hand provides full establishment and tear-down procedures. The one-way TCP with a TCP sink as the destination can be used with several congestion avoidance implementations. Among these are Tahoe, Reno, Newreno, Vegas and Linux. I have experimented mostly with Tahoe, Reno and Newreno. Tahoe is the first implementation of TCP’s congestion control. The difference between Tahoe and Reno is that Reno implements fast retransmit and recovery upon receiving three duplicate ACKs. The difference between Reno and Newreno is that Newreno allows new retransmissions during the fast recovery phase, to keep the transmit window full.

TCP can be used by the FTP agent as follows:
set tcp(0) [new Agent/TCP/Newreno]
set sink(0) [new Agent/TCPSink]
set ftp(0) [new Application/FTP]
$sink(0) listen
$ns_ attach-agent $node_(0) $tcp(0)
$ns_ attach-agent $node_(1) $sink(0)
$ns_ connect $tcp(0) $sink(0)
$ftp(0) set packetSize_ 1024
$ftp(0) set random_ 1
$ftp(0) attach-agent $tcp(0)
$ns_ at $opt(ftpstart) "$ftp(0) start"

Note that the default receiver window is set at 20 packets, which can limit the throughput if the path has long transmission delay. The window can be set like this:
Agent/TCP set window_ 200 ;# max bound on window size
If flow control is unwanted, the window size can be set very high. However, if it is set too high, the default value of 20 will be used. Be aware!

Another discovery is that, using a propagation model with bit errors, link layer notification may render the recovery improvements of Reno and Newreno unused in case no other paths to the destination exist. When the link is taken down because of LLN, the (proactive) routing protocol must reestablish a symmetrical link. In the meantime, TCP retransmissions are denied because of a lack of route, with the consequence that fast recovery is botched.

Setting up Eclipse:
Download Eclipse SDK
Extract the SDK to a folder
Open Eclipse
Go to Help -> Install New Software. In the Work With bar type this:

http://download.eclipse.org/tools/cdt/releases/galileo

Choose CDT Main Features and CDT Optional Features. Install them.
CDT stands for “C/C++ Development Tooling”
If you do not have a working internet connection in the system you have installed Eclipse, instead of steps 4 and 5, download the CDT from the above mentioned site. Then move to Install New Software (see step 4) -> Add and add the archive downloaded.

Installing NS-2:
Download NS-2
Extract NS-2 to a folder, i.e. /home/username/ns-allinone-2.34
Edit Makefile:
Open “…/ns-allinone-2.34/ns-2.34/Makefile.in” and
Add -g to the line CCOPT = @V_CCOPT@ as follows
CCOPT = @V_CCOPT@ -g
Add -DNDEBUG -DDEBUG to the end of the following line:
DEFINE = -DTCP_DELAY_BIND_ALL -DNO_TK @V_DEFINE@ @V_DEFINES@ @DEFS@-DNS_DIFFUSION -DSMAC_NO_SYNC -DCPP_NAMESPACE=@CPP_NAMESPACE@-DUSE_SINGLE_ADDRESS_SPACE -Drng_test -DNDEBUG -DDEBUG
Navigate to …/ns-allinone-2.34/ns-2.34 and run “./configure”
Navigate to the NS-2 folder using terminal and type ./install
Also, follow the instructions are displayed at the end of a successful installation. These instructions are to modify the PATH variable and other environment variables as needed.
You may encounter compilation troubles, due to the DEBUG flag being enabled. My experience was that several printf statements needed to be disabled (commented out):
mobile/shadowing-vis.cc line 293
aodv/aodv.cc line 210
aomdv/aomdv_rtable.cc line 186
aomdv/aomdv.cc line 283

Adding NS-2 as a Project in Eclipse:
Open Eclipse
Set the workspace as the ns installation path( /home/username/ns-allinone-2.34 ) by selecting File -> Switch Workspace
Choose File -> New -> Project -> C++ Project
Select Project Type as Makefile Project -> Empty C++ Project.
Toolchains: Linux GCC
Enter Project Name as ns-2.34
Uncheck “Use default location” then browse to the directory NS-2 source directory ( …/ns-allione-2.34/ns-2.34 )
In Eclipse Indigo, you may not be allowed to create a new project in the existing ns-2.34 subfolder if you uncheck the “Use default location” checkbox. You will not need to, anyway, if you have chosen the parent folder as workspace. In this case, Eclipse will only warn you that you are creating a project in a directory which already exists.
Select “Next” and “Finish”.
From the workspace, Selecting the NS-2 Project and choosing Project -> Build All should not give Error.
Running the project must open the console with the NS-2 prompt, %

Setting Debug Configuration:
Select Run -> Debug Configurations
Choose C/C++ Application. Type in any name.
Under the Main tab, Choose the following:
Project as ns-2.34.
C/C++ Application as ns. (Search Project and Choose this)
Under the Debugger tab, choose GDB Debugger. Uncheck the “Stop on startup at” option.
Apply and Debug.

Install the development files for X Windows plus the g++ compiler:
sudo apt-get install xorg-dev g++ xgraph

Fix the error in the linking of otcl by editing line 6304 of otcl-1.13/configure so that it reads
SHLIB_LD="gcc -shared"
instead of
SHLIB_LD="ld -shared"

Then, edit the file ns-2.34/tools/ranvar.cc and change the line 219 from
return GammaRandomVariable::GammaRandomVariable(1.0 + alpha_, beta_).value() * pow (u, 1.0 / alpha_);
to
return GammaRandomVariable(1.0 + alpha_, beta_).value() * pow (u, 1.0 / alpha_);

Next, change the lines 183 and 185 in file ns-2.34/mobile/nakagami.cc to read
resultPower = ErlangRandomVariable(Pr/m, int_m).value();
and
resultPower = GammaRandomVariable(m, Pr/m).value();

Add a line after line 64 in ns-2.34/mac/mac-802_11Ext.h to read:
#include <stddef.h>

Now the code will compile if you run ./install. However, you may not be able to run the ns executable. If you get an error stating that there has been a buffer overflow *** buffer overflow detected ***: ./ns terminated including a backtrace, you need to do the following to make it work:

Install gcc-4.4 and g++-4.4 including dependencies using the code below:
$ sudo apt-get install gcc-4.4 g++-4.4

Change the line 270 in tcl8.4.18/unix/Makefile.in that reads
CC = @CC@
so it uses gcc version 4.4:
CC = gcc-4.4

Finally, run ./install from the ns-allinone-2.34 top folder again.

P.S. If you are moving and renaming ns-2 folders as time goes by, check the tip here on a potential problem with tk.

First, make sure you have the GDM display manager installed on your computer. LightDM is default but let’s say you want to switch to GDM – to do this, run the command below in a terminal:

$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm

Select the display manager you want to use by default and hit enter. Then, restart your computer.

If GDM is installed, you can run the same command (“sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm”) to switch to any display manager, be it LightDM, KDM, Slim, GDM and so on. If GDM is not installed, replace “gdm” in the command above with one of the installed display managers (example: “sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm”).

sudo gedit /usr/share/themes/New\ Wave/metacity-1/metacity-theme-1.xml

E.g., as follows:

<!-- general window layout -->
...
<distance name="left_width" value="5"/>
<distance name="right_width" value="5"/>
<distance name="bottom_height" value="5"/>


//10.0.0.4/mediastorage /media/tvpc smbfs rw,user,auto,unhide 0 0

In System>Administration>Synaptic package manager, search for “bcmwl-kernel-source”. Uninstall it if its already installed.

Search “firmware-b43-installer” and “b43-fwcutter” in Synaptic package manager. Then install them.

Next I saw Additional Drivers icon at the top panel on the screen. Finally, I installed Broadcom STA wireless driver.

Install the development files for X Windows plus the g++ compiler:
sudo apt-get install xorg-dev g++ xgraph

Fix the error in the linking of otcl by editing line 6304 of otcl-1.13/configure so that it reads
SHLIB_LD="gcc -shared"
instead of
SHLIB_LD="ld -shared"

Then, edit the file ns-2.34/tools/ranvar.cc and change the line 219 from
return GammaRandomVariable::GammaRandomVariable(1.0 + alpha_, beta_).value() * pow (u, 1.0 / alpha_);
to
return GammaRandomVariable(1.0 + alpha_, beta_).value() * pow (u, 1.0 / alpha_);

Next, change the lines 183 and 185 in file ns-2.34/mobile/nakagami.cc to read
resultPower = ErlangRandomVariable(Pr/m, int_m).value();
and
resultPower = GammaRandomVariable(m, Pr/m).value();

Now the code will compile if you run ./install. However, you may not be able to run the ns executable. If you get an error stating that there has been a buffer overflow *** buffer overflow detected ***: ./ns terminated including a backtrace, you need to do the following to make it work:

Install gcc-4.4 and g++-4.4 including dependencies using the code below:
$ sudo apt-get install gcc-4.4 g++-4.4

Change the line 270 in tcl8.4.18/unix/Makefile.in that reads
CC = @CC@
so it appends the version parameter for version 4.4:
CC = @CC@ -V 4.4
Make sure it is a capital V.

Finally, run ./install from the ns-allinone-2.34 top folder again.

See also: Installing ns-2.34 on Ubuntu 11.10 Oneiric Ocelot

hdr_cmn *ch = HDR_CMN(p);
mac_->hdr_dst((char*) HDR_MAC(p), ch->next_hop());
return 0;

Referred from a mail exchange between Ahmad Khayyat and Pedro Vale Estrela.